Wednesday 20 March 2013

Smart contact lenses exploit the unusual characteristics of the eye

EYES will reveal an awful heap regarding someone. examine someone’s eyes and you'll be able to tell if he's happy or unhappy, truthful or insincere, sober or drunk. By peering deeper still, ophthalmologists are even ready to gauge a person’s health, recognizing way more than simply conditions that have an effect on the attention itself: hypertension and brain tumours can even be diagnosed by examining the retina. Eyes are in several respects windows on the body, though they're virtually windows on the soul.

And currently contact lenses, normally used to bring the surface world into focus, are creating it doable to look back in through these windows. the concept of “smart” contact lenses that may superimpose info on the wearer’s field of read has been around for a short time, however contact lenses are being developed that use embedded sensors and electronics to watch disease and dispense medicine. Such devices could eventually be ready to live the extent of cholesterol or alcohol in your blood and flash up an applicable warning.

The technology has huge potential, says Babak Parviz, a researcher at the University of Washington, in Seattle, who is one among the pioneers of sensible contact lenses. Such lenses may act as each sensors and displays, providing new ways in which for information to pass in and out of the body. By adding small light-emitting parts to contact lenses, it's changing into doable to map digital pictures directly onto the wearer’s field of vision to form a head-up show or augmented-reality overlay that needs no glasses, screen or headset. “The final goal would be to own a completely fledged show,” says Dr Parviz.
The first sensible contact lenses are already on the market. The Triggerfish, created by Sensimed, a spin-off from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne, could be a wirelessly powered contact lens designed to assist folks with glaucoma manage their treatment. It will this by continuously measuring the curvature of the attention over a 24-hour amount employing a small strain gauge, engineered using micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) technology, that is incorporated into the lens.

In patients with glaucoma, fluid builds up inside the attention and puts pressure on the optic nerve. If it isn’t treated properly this could irreversibly harm the patient’s vision, says Jean-Marc Wismer, Sensimed’s chief govt. however determining the right drug treatment depends upon initial knowing when throughout the day the intraocular pressure (IOP) peaks.

The profile of this pressure is believed to follow characteristic circadian patterns. however at the instant there's no technology that may live it continuously. “The customary these days is to position patients in an exceedingly laboratory for twenty-four hours,” says Mr Wismer. throughout now a patient’s IOP will be measured each few hours employing a customary machine known as a Goldmann tonometer. however though this approach will live the IOP terribly effectively, it's unable to try to to therefore continuously.


By measuring the changes within the curvature of the attention caused by a build-up of internal pressure, Sensimed’s Triggerfish lens will build up a far a lot of correct profile. additionally to the strain gauge, all the electronics needed to handle the signal-processing and communications are embedded inside the silicone lens (pictured).

An induction loop is employed to power the device and to relay information from the lens to a receiver worn by the patient. (Induction loops are used to power hearing-aid implants while not the requirement for troublesome wires.) Since the tip of 2010 the technology has been offered in eight European countries, and approval in America is predicted by the tip of this year, in step with Mr Wismer. “We currently have regarding two hundred patients in total,” he says.
Tears contain charged atoms that interfere with the operation of a wise lens’s built-in antenna

The device will have one vital disadvantage, however. The short vary of the induction-loop antenna within the lens suggests that the external antenna has got to be terribly near the eye: taped round the eye socket, in fact. carrying alittle chip in your eye (normal vision isn't impaired) appearance strange enough, however having an enormous monocle taped to your head appearance stranger still.

It is but ideal, Mr Wismer admits, however his firm’s device isn't meant to be worn continuously. Instead, the concept is that it might be worn for twenty-four hours once each six months or therefore. The hope is that this device can facilitate to boost the treatment of glaucoma by illuminating the link between variations within the IOP and also the progression of the disease.

Another sensible contact lens is, however, designed to be worn continuously. though still below development, this lens is geared toward treating diseases instead of monitoring them. it's been developed by Daniel Kohane, a professor of anaesthesiology and director of the Laboratory for Biomaterials and Drug Delivery at the Children’s Hospital in Boston. His sensible lenses are designed to unharness medicine slowly into the attention over an extended amount.

Compared with the simplicity of eye drops this could appear a little over the highest, however there are superb reasons to develop this type of technology, says Dr Kohane. “Eye drops don't seem to be terribly efficient—only alittle fraction really gets into the attention,” he says. “But the larger downside is compliance.” a typical downside with ophthalmic diseases is that patients fail to use their eye drops as prescribed. “Things that ought to work don’t work, which ends up in an escalation of the disease and also the therapy.”
A new perspective on drug delivery

Dr Kohane’s resolution is to form a sort of contact lenses that has encapsulated inside it a pouch containing a drug. “It’s a flat toroid or doughnut created out of a permeable polymer that contains the drug,” he says. “As the film degrades it releases the drug, leaching out slowly.” The payload may be nearly something, like a painkiller, an antibiotic or an anti-inflammatory drug. In vitro experiments have showed that such a lens may still unharness ciprofloxacin, an antibiotic, in an exceedingly controlled manner for over one hundred days.

The current style is solely passive, however Dr Kohane is currently performing on a version that may be triggered in response to a specific stimulus. If his lens were to be combined with sensors like those found within the Triggerfish, for instance, it might be doable to watch the IOP and deliver glaucoma medicine when it peaks. however there are alternative things that got to be taken under consideration. “If I cough, my IOP goes up,” says Dr Kohane. a wise contact lens would got to be clever enough to deal with this.

An additional concern is that the result his therapeutic lens could have on the wearer’s vision. “A concern is that because the drug is released, the amendment in form can alter the main target of the patient,” says Dr Kohane. this is often one reason why the pouch is doughnut-shaped, in order that it wraps round the pupil while not obscuring the wearer’s vision. “As a lot of} as we are able to tell that doesn’t amendment it much,” he says.

Smart contact lenses don’t simply got to specialize in monitoring or treating the eyes. Dr Parviz has been developing a distinct style of lens supposed for monitoring glucose levels in folks with diabetes. the attention could be a surprisingly smart place to try to to this non-invasively, as a result of glucose levels in tear fluid correspond on to those within the blood, he says. this suggests levels will be continuously gauged while not most as a pinprick.

To measure the glucose level Dr Parviz uses a way known as amperometric sensing that involves measuring the changes in small currents between sets of electrodes. just like the Triggerfish, the lens is powered and communicates wirelessly. however his style encompasses a bigger vary, therefore no induction loop round the eye is required.

Tests on rabbits have showed that the lenses work and might detect even terribly low glucose levels, says Dr Parviz. however there's a haul with using amperometric sensing: the electrodes don't seem to be sealed inside the lens, and so are exposed. Proteins then build up on the sensors, affecting their operation and reducing the helpful lifespan of the lens. it's doable that cleaning the lens often may scale back this downside, however it's unclear what result lens-cleaning fluid would have on its built-in electronics. Tears additionally create a haul, as a result of they contain electrically charged atoms, or ions, that interfere with the operation of the sensible lens’s built-in antenna.

As with Sensimed’s device, all the electronics and sensors in Dr Parviz’s contact lens are located outside the central space of the lens, to avoid interference with the wearer’s vision. however Dr Parviz needs to feature show parts, within the type of small embedded light-emitting diodes (LEDs), to his lenses in order that they'll overlay info on the wearer’s field of read.

Dr Parviz has already demonstrated that red and blue dots, or pixels, will indeed be embedded in lenses, though inexperienced also will be needed to form a full-colour show. He has shown that the pixels will be powered wirelessly and he has demonstrated that he will shrink the optics needed to bring these dots of sunshine into focus, even once they are therefore near the attention. So far, however, the closest Dr Parviz has come back to making an actual show could be a lens containing a grid of simply eight pixels.

Given the ubiquity of high-definition screens containing uncountable pixels this could not appear terribly spectacular. however it's value remembering that this is often far more troublesome than making traditional displays. Quite except for the challenges of powering such alittle device and bringing the pixels into focus, the tiny size of a contact lens implies that the pixels can got to be a lot of smaller than those in an exceedingly typical laptop monitor or mobile-phone show so as to supply an analogous resolution. “Our smallest ones are regarding fifty microns across,” he says. “We will positively build them smaller.” He can have to: a pixel on a high-resolution iPhone screen, by comparison, is regarding eighty microns (millionths of a metre) across.

It is still early days for this new field. Dr Parviz’s immediate goals are to make straightforward, low-resolution displays, and to develop alternative varieties of biosensor, like one capable of measuring lactic-acid levels in athletes throughout coaching. As he and alternative researchers develop sensible contact lenses with new capabilities, this is often a technology that's value keeping a watch on.

Thursday 14 March 2013

New species discovered in fragile Eastern Himalayas

More than 350 new species, as well as a flying frog and also the world’s smallest deer, are discovered within the japanese Himalayas, a WWF report has revealed. however this treasure trove of biological diversity is currently threatened by climate amendment, it warns.
The report, The japanese Himalayas – Where Worlds Collide, describes a bunch of latest species found over the last decade within the remote mountain region spanning Bhutan, north-eastern India, northern Myanmar (Burma), Nepal and southern elements of Tibet. They embrace 244 plants, sixteen amphibians, sixteen reptiles, 14 fish, two birds, 2 mammals and a minimum of sixty invertebrates.

Biologically wealthy

“These exciting finds reinforce simply how very little we all know concerning the globe around us,” said our conservation science advisor, Mark Wright.

“In the japanese Himalayas we've got a locality of extraordinary beauty and with a number of the foremost biologically wealthy areas on the world. Ironically, it's additionally one in every of the regions most in danger from climate amendment, as evidenced by the fast retreat of the glaciers, and solely time can tell how well species are going to be able to adapt – if the least bit.”

Amazing discoveries

Among the discoveries are a bright inexperienced frog that uses its long red webbed feet to glide within the air, and also the miniature muntjac or leaf deer. At simply over 2 feet tall, the leaf deer is that the world’s smallest deer species.

One discovery was something however new: a one hundred million-year-old gecko fossil found in an amber mine in Myanmar. The now-extinct species is that the oldest variety of gecko known to science.

The region harbours a staggering array of species: ten,000 plants, three hundred mammals, 977 bird species, 176 reptiles, one zero five amphibians and 269 freshwater fish. The japanese Himalayas also are home to several of the remaining Bengal tigers and are the last bastion of the bigger one-horned rhino.

Climate impact

Unfortunately, this globally-important hotspot of biological diversity is extremely susceptible to the results of climate amendment.

We have so launched our Climate for all times campaign to bring the plight of the Himalayas to the eye of the globe. and that we are operating with native communities to assist them deal with the impacts of climate amendment.





Tackling climate amendment within the region additionally depends on vital action from developed countries. we have a tendency to are calling on governments attending the climate amendment talks in Copenhagen this December to commit industrialised countries to a four-hundredth reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2020 (compared to 1990 levels).

“There isn't any space for compromise on this issue,” added Wright. “Without these cuts the Himalayas face a precarious future – impacting each the distinctive wildlife and also the two hundredth of humanity who suppose the river systems that arise in these mountains.”

Thursday 7 March 2013

HP shares plunge twenty per cent on Wall Street


Hewlett-Packard shares plunged twenty per cent on Wall Street on Friday when the world's prime pc maker announced a dramatic strategic shakeup that has spinning off its laptop business.

Shares in HP lost twenty.03 per cent to shut at $23.60, wiping over $12 billion off the Palo Alto, California-based firm's market capitalization.

HP shares, that shed five.99 per cent on Thursday, are trading at their lowest levels in six years.

HP announced Thursday it had been exploring a derivative of its laptop unit, or Personal Systems cluster (PSG), and shopping for British enterprise software company Autonomy for $10.24 billion because it refocuses on software and technology solutions.

In a any move removed from the buyer house, HP said that it had been stopping production of its TouchPad pill pc, its rival to Apple's iPad that was introduced simply seven weeks ago, and phones based mostly on the webOS mobile operating system acquired from Palm last year for $1.2 billion.

Deutsche Bank analysts said the HP moves raised "red flags" and counseled that investors sell the stock.

"We believe this strategic analysis has the potential to be very disruptive to the conventional course of business," Deutsche Bank said.

"In mixture, we tend to question the timing of parallel strategic actions (acquisition and laptop spinoff) within the midst of a meaningful deterioration in HP's core operations and lowered steerage," it said.

Shaw Wu of Sterne, Agee & Leach expressed concern that HP "may be stretched skinny attempting to try to to too several things at an equivalent time as well as its purchase of Autonomy, shutdown of its webOS hardware operation, to not mention handling the uncertainty around its laptop business."

Credit Suisse said HP's moves were "fundamentally" the proper strategy however warned that "it's reaching to be expensive."

Gregori Volokhine of Meeschaert Capital Markets said variety of HP's past acquisitions are "disastrous" and noted that the corporate is basically jettisoning Palm's webOS platform but eighteen months when shopping for it.

"They wish to become an immediate competitor of SAP, IBM and Oracle," Volokhine said of HP's strategic shift. "Those are massive players."

Credit rating agency normal & Poor's said meanwhile that it had been inserting HP's 'A' company credit rating and 'A-1' short-term rating on CreditWatch with negative implications.

"The Personal Systems cluster is HP's largest unit from a revenue perspective and has rock bottom margin of HP's business segments," normal & Poor's credit analyst Lucy Patricola said.

"Although the separation of this unit can be incrementally positive to straightforward & Poor's analysis of HP's overall business profile, the monetary impact might doubtless be important, counting on the structure of any transaction and on the ensuing HP capital structure," Patricola said.

Moody's Investors Service modified the long-term and short-term ratings outlook of HP to negative from stable.

"The negative outlook reflects a level of performance uncertainty stemming from HP's important strategic announcements," Moody's said.

"HP are financing an outsized transaction and considering strategic choices for its ancient laptop business throughout what can be a amount of considerable economic volatility," it said.

Wednesday 9 January 2013

Apple designing early 2012 launch for brand spanking new iPad: WSJ

Apple plans to start trial production of a next generation iPad in October with an eye fixed to an early 2012 launch, The Wall Street Journal reported Friday.

The newspaper, citing "people accustomed to true," said Apple is functioning with element suppliers and its assembler in Asia on the iPad three and has ordered key elements like show panels and chips.

It said consequent generation iPad is anticipated to feature a high resolution a pair of048-by-1536 pixel show compared with the 1024-by-768 show on the iPad 2.

The Journal quoted one unidentified element provider to Apple as saying that the corporate has placed orders for elements for regarding one.5 million iPad 3s within the fourth quarter.

Apple sources elements for the iPad around Asia and assembles the pill pc at Taiwan's Hon Hai Precision trade Co. Apple sold nine.25 million iPads last quarter

Wednesday 15 August 2012

Skype buy messaging startup GroupMe

Skype, the web communications cluster set to be acquired by Microsoft, announced plans Sunday to shop for the mobile messaging startup firm GroupMe for undisclosed terms.

GroupMe was founded in 2010 at the Techcrunch Disrupt Hackathon and is headquartered in big apple.

The deal, including the acquisition of mobile video supplier Qik earlier this year, "augments Skype's role as an innovator in driving distinctive mobile user experiences," the corporate said in an exceedingly statement.

"Through the acquisition of GroupMe, Skype continues its drive to supply a world multi-modal and multi-platform communications expertise. The acquisition of GroupMe enhances Skype's leadership in voice and video communications by providing best in school text-based communications and innovative options that enable users to attach, share locations and photos and create plans with their closest ties."

Tony Bates, Skype's chief government, said GroupMe "has created an incredibly sticky cluster messaging expertise that works across mobile devices and platforms, creating this an ideal addition to the voice, video and text merchandise within the Skype family."

Founded in 2003 and based mostly in Luxembourg, Skype is within the method of being acquired by US software big Microsoft once being spun off by eBay.

Microsoft said recently it hopes to shut the deal for purchase of the web voice and video leader by October, once it gets the inexperienced lightweight from European regulators

Tuesday 6 September 2011

Distinguish Between Crystal and Glass

The fundamental plan is that, all crystals are glasses however all glasses aren't crystals. The uses of glasses and crystals are various. we have a tendency to use crystal wares and glass wares in our homes, largely for ornamental functions. differing types of spectacle glasses are widely employed in our day-to-day life and that we will even build jewelries out of crystals. Now, once we verify the variations between glass and crystal, some variations are visible to the naked eye and a few will be found through experiments solely. however before knowing the way to determine glass from crystals, it's necessary to grasp what's a glass and what's a crystal. Let's analyze it.

What is a Glass?
Glass may be a supercooled liquid that includes a static nature, as a result of its molecular structure does not amendment throughout the method of melting and solidification. Glass is an inorganic material, that is largely created by melting substances and then cooling it. A sudden amendment within the thermal enlargement coefficient and specific heat capability, specifically throughout the melting purpose of the glass material, that is supercooled, becomes a glass. The particles gift within the glass are a lot of smaller than the wavelength of visible rays, that makes them clear. Obsidian and meteorite glasses are the kinds of glasses that are naturally accessible within the earth and also the different forms of glasses are created artificially. a number of the opposite forms of glasses are silicate glasses, network glasses, sugar glasses, colloidal glasses, etc. thanks to microscopic cracks on the surface of the glass and thermal stress, glasses break. What specifically happens throughout the breaking of glass, is that, the silicon and oxygen bonds of the glass material are broken.

What is a Crystal?
Crystals have special electrical conductivity property, which may be employed in electronic and communication devices. Crystals like Quartz and Rochelle salt exhibit piezoelectric impact which suggests, these crystals will provide electrical voltage when mechanical stress is applied to it. There are differing types of crystals, like covalent crystals, metallic crystals, ionic crystals and molecular crystals. So, reckoning on the sort of crystal, the properties can amendment. Crystals like diamond, graphite, etc., have covalent bonds and crystals like table salt have ionic bonds. the amount of electrons and protons gift during a crystal is balanced. reckoning on the colour of the sunshine absorbed by the crystal, its color look can amendment. for instance, if a crystal absorbs yellow light-weight, it'll seem blue, that is termed as 'complementary color'.

Differences Between Glass and Crystal





PropertiesDifferences
Lead ContentGlass has less lead content in its composition while crystal has more lead proportion as compared to glass.
ClarityCrystals are clearer than glasses.
SmoothnessCrystals are smooth and seamless as compared to glasses.
Refractive IndexRefractive index is the ratio of speed of light in vacuum to the speed of light in any medium. Crystals have higher refractive index than glasses.
FormationCrystals are sometimes formed when heated silica is cooled slowly but when heated silica is cooled rapidly, glass is formed.
OccurrenceCrystals occur naturally in the earth, whereas some glasses are artificially made.
Range orderDepending on how the correlations decay, a material can be classified as having long-range order or short-range order. Crystals have long-range order and glasses have short-range order.
DiffractionDiffraction is defined as the "apparent bending of waves around small obstacles and the spreading out of waves past small openings". Diffraction takes place when light passes through crystals but not in an ordinary glass.
Molecular ArrangementThe molecules present in glasses are disorderly arranged whereas the crystal molecules are arranged orderly in a regular lattice.

Both glass and crystal have their own applications reckoning on their professionals and cons. generally it's unfeasible to spot whether or not it's a glass or crystal, simply by gazing it. In such cases, the reliable thanks to determine it, will be done through examining the lead content within the material. in step with European Union standards, materials that contain four-dimensional lead are referred to as glass and people with quite 100 percent lead, are outlined as crystals. Hope this comparison has left little doubt in your minds relating to how glasses are completely different from crystals.

Monday 5 September 2011

What was the Milgram Experiment?

What is the distinction between right and wrong? And when ought to one question the difference? If you're told to hit somebody violently, you'd object however what if your boss or your superior or maybe your elders told you to obey them and hit somebody, then would you are doing it? will someone's authority build an clearly wrong act, a right one? Questioning authority could be a two-edged sword, may|you'll|you may} find yourself being labeled a rebel or a troublemaker otherwise you could find yourself compromising on your own sense of ethics. moral dilemmas will take numerous shapes and forms however with respect to obedience, the end result may be terribly unpredictable. browse on to be told concerning the Milgram experiment, a psychological take a look at to judge man's struggle between obedience and morality.

Background of the Experiment

Stanley Milgram was twenty eight years recent, he had simply graduated with a Ph.D in social psychology from Harvard in 1961. At that point, a famed Nazi war criminal, Adolf Eichmann, was being tried for his crimes against humanity in Jerusalem. whereas the globe was condemning and mulling over such a cruel person's punishment, Milgram had a remarkable train of thought: what if they were simply following orders? And this result in another question: what if folks can do something, in spite of how cruel it's, simply because somebody in authority told them to try and do so? will man's sense of right and wrong be influenced by authority? Is there a fine line between obedience and conscience and at what purpose can a person cross it? To answer such queries, Milgram devised an experiment, to look at and rank what proportion a private can obey an authority figure. For his experiment, he advertised in newspapers and on the radio. forty men from all walks of life responded, they were promised a pay of $4.50, no matter how they performed. The experiments were conducted in July 1961, within the Linsly-Chittenden Hall within the University of Yale's campus.

Outline of the Milgram Experiment

Three characters were concerned during this experiment.

    * The Experimenter (E) - he was accountable of monitoring the proceedings and would supply directions to the teacher (T).
    * The Teacher (T) - the teacher would raise queries of the learner (L) within the sort of word pairs. He would check every answer and see if it had been correct or wrong and act accordingly.
    * The Learner (L) - he was asked queries by the teacher and expected to answer the queries properly.

The terribly starting of this experiment was deceptive. The take a look at subject and also the learner (an actor employed by the experimenting team) were asked to draw slips of paper to determine their respective roles, either teacher or learner. however unknown to the take a look at subject, all countless paper are marked as "teacher". therefore the actor would lie and say his slip says "learner". This ensured the take a look at subject would perpetually be an educator.

Next the learner was strapped to a chair and electrodes were hooked up to his arm in one area. This was drained front of the teacher. He and also the experimenter were created to sit down in another area, neighboring that of the learner's. Here the teacher was introduced to a rather horrifying shock generator, marked with numerous levels of shock, from thirty - 450 volts. Labels like "slight shock", "Danger: severe shock" and "XXX" were used. At this time, the teacher was told that he had to raise work-pairs to the learner and with every mistake the learner created, the teacher had to shock him, using the machine. The teacher was conjointly given a sample shock, as an indicator of what it felt like. He was conjointly told that with every shock, the voltage would be increased by 15-volts. The experiment started within the following manner, the teacher would browse out a word try. initial a word was browse, the learner was presented with four decisions, on its try and had to press a respective button to answer the question. If correct, the teacher would browse succeeding try. If incorrect, the learner would be shocked.

In reality, the learner was never obtaining shocked. The shock generator machine was simply a decoy, it had been truly a tape recorder. When the teacher pressed a shock level button, desiring to shock the learner, truly a pre-recorded cry or plea or yowl of pain was being played to the teacher, who thought it's returning from the learner. therefore the teacher felt that he was torturing the learner for an incorrect answer, when nothing of that kind was going down. With every shock, the cries would be a lot of agonizing and at a definite shock level, the teacher was told the learner have a heart condition. when some shocks, the learner would bang on the wall. At the last 2 higher levels of shock, the learner wouldn't answer any queries.

The experimenter would sit and monitor the proceedings and not interfere in any manner. however if the teacher would raise to prevent the experiment, the experimenter would reply with the subsequent prods:

   1. Please continue.
   2. The experiment needs that you simply continue.
   3. it's fully essential that you simply continue.
   4. you've got no alternative selection, you want to prolong.

If the teacher was told all four verbal prods, then the experiment was stopped. Else it ended solely when the teacher shocked the learner, three times with the utmost 450 volt shock levels.

Milgram Experiment Results

Given the rather cruel premise of the experiment, Milgram's peers were rather skeptical of its results and felt that no or maybe 1-2 subjects would go as way because the final shock level. Milgram polled senior year psychology students at Yale, who conjointly felt only a few would use the ultimate shock level. however the results of the experiment proved them wrong. Firstly, all forty subjects shocked the learner up to a most of three hundred volts. And twenty six out of forty subjects shocked the learner at the utmost shock level of 450 volts. there have been objections, the themes protested at some purpose, they were conjointly terribly ill-at-ease however within the finish, they obeyed the experimenter and shocked the learner, no matter the high shock level and also the pain felt by the learner. conjointly nobody left the space to see on the learner's state. Milgram repeated the experiment at an workplace and reported that though the share was less, it had been not of a major quantity. He conjointly applied the experiment with feminine take a look at subjects, the speed of sixty fifth prevailed. All such details were summed up in his article, "The Perils of Obedience" revealed within the Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, additionally as in his book Obedience to Authority: An Experimental read.

In summation, psychology specialists and critics have argued and still feel that the moral issues with the Milgram experiment, build it a controversial topic and cruel experiment, that has tarnished the name of psychology experiments. however the tough truth that Milgram was making an attempt to show is this: we tend to do what we tend to are told to try and do. And albeit the command could be a morally wrong one, that might hurt somebody, our initial and obvious instinct is to obey and follow. Such experiments highlight another moral dilemma: who is that the real dangerous guy or criminal here, the authority figure who problems the command or the individual who obeys and carries out such cruelty?